论述型英语作文开头和结尾(英语论述型作文模版)

1.英语 论述型作文模版

高中英语论述型作文主要都是观点对比类文章，本人认为最好分为三段式： 第一段：直入主题，介绍一方观点并叙述理由 第二段：介绍另一方观点并阐述理由 第三段：你自己的观点 现将常用模板提供，希望对你有所帮助！ 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1. 有一些人认为。 2. 另一些人认为。

3. 我的看法。 The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more， ③-------------理由二）. Moreover， ④---------------（理由三）. While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly，-----------------（支持B的理由一）. Secondly (besides)，⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally)，⑦------------------（理由三）. From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------（原因）. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . 另外，还有经常考到的三个题型就是阐述问题型、问题解决型和说明利弊型，也将模板提供如下，仅供参考！ 阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述. 1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义. 2. 分析并举例使其更充实. The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------（释义）. Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all，-----------------（理由一）. For example， -------------------（举例说明）. Secondly，----------------（理由二）. Another case is that ---------------（举例说明）. Furthermore ， ------------------（理由三）. In my opinion， ----------------（我的观点）. In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it. 解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1. 问题现状 2. 怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点） In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First， ------------（说明A的现状）.Second， ---------------（举例进一步说明现状） Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing， ---------------（解决方法一）. For another -------------（解决方法二）. Finally， --------------（解决方法三）. Personally, I believe that -------------（我的解决方法）. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------（带来的好处）. 说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） 1. 说明事物现状 2. 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 3. 你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------(A的优点之二). But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点). Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------（我的看法）. （From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way， ---------------（对前景的预测）.）。

2.求观点论述型英语四级作文范文

范文来自《2010年6月英语四级作文考前预测范文》

预测作文（一）

My View on Double BA Degree

1. 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见

2. 我对这一现象的看法

【范文】

Recently it has become a common phenomenon for college students to have two majors at the same time. In this way, they can get double BA degrees when they graduate from the university several years later.

Although it may bring unfavorable consequences, we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole. To begin with, most students will become more hardworking and efficient in order to finish the learning tasks satisfactorily. Moreover, with two degrees at hand after graduation, they will stand a better chance in the job market full of fierce competition. In the third place, as for today's university students, tuition and fees are becoming more and more expensive. If they can make achievements in study at school and find a satisfactory job afterwards, it will not be a big problem.

Weighing the pros and cons of such a new trend, we can naturally arrive at the conclusion that it is beneficial and rewarding. This system not only compels students to work hard, but also prepares them for the coming competition.

【点评】

首段直接点题，说明现象；第二段分述三个优点，其中首句为让步状语从句，意思是“虽然可能带来负面的后果，但总体上是有益的”；第三段呼应第二段，得出结论。

范文首段提出大学生读双学位这一普遍现象；第二段分三点进行论述，其中前两点是优点，即学生会更加勤奋，并且有利于他们在激烈的求职市场中找到工作，最后一点是解释可能带来的学费问题并不严重；第三段下结论，呼应第二段。

第二段第三句中的stand a better chance(of)表示“大有希望”；第三段末句中的compel sb.to do sth.表示“迫使某人做某事”。

3.20积分悬赏求几句英语作文通用开头与结尾

段落开头经典句式表达1) It is a common belief that if。

2) It is held by some people that。3) 4) It is universally acknowledged that. .4) When it comes to.…，most people believe that..5) There is often an assumption that. . .6) It is increasingly recognized by the general public that.7) It has been accepted without question for a long time that..8) It has been taken for granted that..9) ) Many people insist that. ..11)A commonly accepted rule of doing something is that。

12)With the development of science and technology,more and more people believe that..13)In a world that'、growing more and more(competitive)…，the ability to do something has never been more important.14)It has often been remarked that。1J)A lot of people seem to think that…16) It is believed that。

17)Although it i、commonly held that。,it is quite unlikely that.18)Although it I、generally agreed that.18 it is unlikely to he true that。

19)Although the(common)(belief)is that。 A recent(discovery)(shows) that.,.20)Although people all agree that…，it should be noted that..21)For years(hard working)has been regarded as…，but things are quite different nowadays.22)For years。

had been viewed as…But people are taking a fresh look at it now.23)Most of us have taken it for granted that。,but a recent survey reveals“surprising discovery.24) We are often told that。

But is this really true?25)Many people like the idea of…But it is not beneficial to…26) It's well understood that…always requires,but。27)People used to think that。

in the old days. But things are quite different now.28)Everything has two side、and…is not an exception. It has both advantages and disadvantages.一）It is a common misconception that if..2) There is a common misconception among people that…3) There is some fragments of truth in the statement that二，，but this is not to mean that. ..4) Today it is not unusual for somebody to do something.5) What people failed to perceive is that.,,6)Today，…is under strong attack.7)People often imagine that they can do something simply by doing something8)No idea is more dangerous than。,which is widely held by. ..9)Perhaps it is time to reexamine the attitude that。

1) When asked about..,people usually respond differently. Some people prefer to.,.;Others, however, prefer to.…2) People's views on…vary from person to person. Some hold that。 However, others believe that。

3) People may have different opinions on。3) When asked about，二，many people think that。

But other people believe different4) When it comes to。,some people believe that。

others argue that the opposite is true. There is probably some reason in bothstatements,but。5) When faced with。

,quite a few people claim that.二，but other people think of…as。7) Attitudes towards (drugs) vary from person to person.8) There are different opinions among people as to。

9) Different people hold different attitudes toward(failure).1) According to a recent study，…2)A recent survey indicates that。 So some people take the view that…Others,however,don't think so.3) No one can deny the fact that。

but.4)A recent newspaper report on a survey among(students)states that。6) One of the（一oys） of something is,and always has been,that。

6)Somebody has offered a fascinating insight into the nature of,7) According to a major new study, conducted by somebody,7) One of the most striking things about something/ somebody is that…8) Although the popular idea is that。 a recent study shows that.10) All scientific observations justify the view that。

11) Statistics available suggests that.,.12)Personal experience teaches us that。13) There is considerable evidence in favor of…1) One of the great scientists once remarked，…2)“Genius is two percent inspiration and ninety-eight percent perspiration”is the opinion held by Edison. This remark has beenconfirmed time and again by more and more people.3) Many years ago, a great philosopher said that。

4) There is an Engh、h proverb which says that“Easily come easily go .5) There i,an old saying,“Practice makes progress.”It is the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many caseseven today.古语道：6) As a popular saying goes，…7)One of the great writers once. said that。 Now it still has a realistic significance.结尾段落经典句式表达I) If somebody ever became convinced of the importance of something,we would probably find ways to solve the problemsof。

,problems that now seem impossible to overcome.2)Since there are so many advantages of。,it is not difficult to understand why…3）…，and the results will be worth the effort.4) At the moment, however, we can maintain that。

5)Following 。

4.求英语作文的开头和结尾

1.Our life should safe and healthy。

..so we must protect our city。

2.The city is dity ,what should we do?。

.now we must save our world. 3.Sport is very important for us。

..let us to do sport everyday. 5.Yesterday ,I had a pleasant trip with my parents。

.we also had a good time。 6.My hobby is reading books。

I think hobby could makes me to be a good child。

7.My best friend is sally。

.i think she would be my best friend in my life。 9.Yangliwei is a heroes in the china。

..I'll remember him in my heart。

11.English is my most favourite subject。

i must learn it well 12.i want to be a nurse。

.let's me study hard and to be a good nurse。 14.my school is so funny。

..my classmates are very kind of me。

有些编不出来了。

5.求英语作文万能开头和结尾

（一）段首句 1. 关于……人们有不同的观点。

一些人认为…… There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____. 2. 俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying______. It's the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。

首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是…… Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____.What makes things worse is that______. 4. 现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。

Nowadays, it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______.Besides,______. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。

Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，…… People's opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. ……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。

______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. ……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重 的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。

很显然……，但是 为什么呢？ According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that ______ while. Obviously, ______, but why？ （二）中间段落句 1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。 On the contrary, there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time, they say____. 2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。

最糟糕的是……。 But I don't think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___. 3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。

首先，……。而且……，最重要 的是…… ______is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First,______. What's more, _____.Most important of all,______. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。

首先，我们可以……。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______ 5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。

一方面……，另一方面， Confronted with______, we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another, ______ 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。

所有这些方法肯定会……。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______. 7. 为什么……？第一个原因是……；第二个原因是……；第三个原因是……。

总的来说，……的主要原 因是由于…… Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______. 8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______. 9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。

Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous. 10. 完全同意……这种观点（陈述），主要理由如下：I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______. （三）结尾句 1. 至于我，在某种程度上我同意后面的观点，我认为…… As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that …… 2. 总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注……这个问题。只有这样，我们才能在将来……。

In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future. 3. 但是，……和……都有它们各自的优势（好处）。例如，……，而……。

然而，把这两者相比较，我更倾向于（喜欢）……But ……and……have heir own advantages. For example， …… while…… Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to…… 4. 就我个人而言，我相信……，因此，我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为…… Personally, I believe that…… Consequently, I'm confident 。

6.高中英语作文用于开头和结尾的句子

可以去这个地址，里面是百度文库总结的英文开头，中间，结尾。

很多~ 以下是相同问题曾经回答的答案~ 对比观点题型 （1） 要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。 1. 有一些人认为。

2. 另一些人认为。

3. 我的看法。

The topic of ①-----------------（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions of it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of ②-----------------（支持A的理由一）What is more， ③-------------理由二）. Moreover， ④---------------（理由三）. While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly，-----------------（支持B的理由一）. Secondly (besides)，⑥------------------（理由二）. Thirdly (finally)，⑦------------------（理由三）. From my point of view, I think ⑧----------------（我的观点）. The reason is that ⑨--------------------（原因）. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice . (2) 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点 Some people believe that ①----------------（观点一）. For example, they think ②-----------------（举例说明）.And it will bring them ③-----------------（为他们带来的好处）. In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing，④-------------（我不同意该看法的理由一）. For another thing， ⑤-----------------（反对的理由之二）. Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that ⑥------------------（我对文章所讨论主题的看法）. 阐述主题题型 要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述. 1. 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义. 2. 分析并举例使其更充实. The good old proverb ----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that ----------------（释义）. Indeed, we can learn many things form it. First of all，-----------------（理由一）. For example， -------------------（举例说明）. Secondly，----------------（理由二）. Another case is that ---------------（举例说明）. Furthermore ， ------------------（理由三）. In my opinion， ----------------（我的观点）. In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it 解决方法题型 要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 1. 问题现状 2. 怎样解决（解决方案的优缺点） In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious. First， ------------（说明A的现状）.Second， ---------------（举例进一步说明现状） Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing， ---------------（解决方法一）. For another -------------（解决方法二）. Finally， --------------（解决方法三）. Personally, I believe that -------------（我的解决方法）. Consequently, I'm confident that a bright future is awaiting us because --------------（带来的好处）. 说明利弊题型 这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） 1. 说明事物现状 2. 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 3. 你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First ----------------(A的优点之一). Besides -------------------(A的优点之二). But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that ----------------(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,------------------(A的第二个缺点). Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to ---------------（我的看法）. （From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way， ---------------（对前景的预测）.） 议论文的框架 （1） 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ） There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place， ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place， ___原因二_____. So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因一_______. On the other hand， ____原因二_____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二___。

7.如何写好中考英语作文的开头与结尾

在写作时，开头一般是最难的，而结尾又是点睛之笔，因此，写好作文的开头和结尾尤其重要，会直接关系到整篇作文的得分高低。

下面yjbys小编为大家精心整理的初中英语作文满分的技巧，希望可以帮到大家！一. 英语作文开头四方式1、“开门见山”式 一般来说，文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”，即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题，使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。① 对于叙事类的文章，可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。

如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头可以是：Last month, my family went to Huangshan by train. It took us ten hours to get there. What a long and tiring journey! We were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.② 对于论述性的文章，可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点，接着展开进一步的论述。如“The Time and the Money （时间和金钱）” 的开头可以是：Most people say that money is more important than time. But I don't think so. First, when money is used up, you can earn it back, but……2、回忆性开头 在描述事件或游记类的文章中，采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。

这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇，如never forget（永远无法忘记）、remember （记得）、unforgettable（难以忘怀的）、exciting（令人激动的）、surprising（令人惊讶的）、sad （难过的）……如“A Trip to Huangshan（黄山之旅）”的开头还以这样写：I will never forget my first trip to Huangshan. 或 It was really an unforgettable experience I had.3、疑问性开头 在叙事类或论述性的文章中，都可采用疑问型开头，这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“Planting Trees（种树）”的开头可以是：Have you ever planted trees? Don't you think planting trees is …… 再如“Traveling Abroad（出国之旅）”的开头可以是：If you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider Singapore?4、倒叙式开头 在有的文章，特别是叙事类的文章中，可以采用倒叙的写作手法，先写出事件的结果，再陈述过程。

如“Catching Thieves （捉贼）”的开头可以这样写：I lay in bed in the hospital. I smiled at my friends even though my legs hurt. Do you want to know what happened to me? Let me tell you. It's a 。 story.二. 英语作文结尾四方式1、自然结尾，点明主题 随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。

如“Helping the Policeman （帮助警察）”的结尾可以是：The two children were praised by the police and they felt happy. 再如“The Tortoise and the Hare（龟兔赛跑）” 的结尾可以是：When the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。2、首尾呼应 升华主题在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题，深化主题，起到“画龙点睛”的效果。

如“I Love My Hometown（我爱家乡）”的结尾可以是：I love my hometown, and I am proud of it.3、反问结尾，引起深思 这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，而且具有一定的强调作用，可引起他人的深思。如 “Learning English can give us a lot of pleasure （学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣）” 的结尾可以是：If we learn English well, we can …Don't you think learning English is great fun?4、表达祝愿，阐述愿望 这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中，表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。

如“A Letter to the Farmers（给农民们的一封信）”的结尾可以是：I hope the farmers' life will be better and better.另外，书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语：Best wishes. I wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year. I wish you have a good time等。

8.英语作文万能开头和结尾

一、开头万能公式

1.开头万能公式一：

名人名言：有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理，而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？

经典句型：A proverb says, “ You are only young once.” （适用于已记住的名言）It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. （适用于自编名言）更多经典句型：As everyone knows, No one can deny that…

2.开头万能公式二：

数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.

看起来这个数字文绉绉的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：

Honesty

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。

Travel by Bike

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。

Youth

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。

Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work?

根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。

更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …

二、结尾万能公式

1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论

说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就可以拿高分了！比如下面的例子：

Obviously（此为过渡短语）， we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.

如果读者很难“显而见之”，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了！

更多过渡短语：

to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus

更多句型：

Thus, it can be concluded that…， Therefore, we can find that…

2.结尾万能公式二：如此建议

如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。拽！

Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.

这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢？更多句型：

Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.

Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.

9.英语考试万能作文的开头和结尾

1.开门见山，揭示主题。

文章开头就交待清楚文章的主题是什么：如“How I Spent My Vacation”（我怎样度假）的开头是： I spent my last vacation happily. 再如“Honesty”（谈诚实）一文中的开头： Honesty is one of the best virtues.An honest man is always trusted and respecte-d.On the contrary,one who tells lies is regarded as a “liar”,and is looked upon badly by honest people. 2.交代人物、事情、时间或环境的开头。 在文章的开头，先把人物、事件和环境交待清楚。

例如“A Trip to Jin shan”（去金山旅游）的开头： The day before yesterday my class went on a bus trip to Jinshan.It took three hours to ride there.The long trip made us very tired,but the sight of the beautiful sea refreshed us. 3.回忆性的开头。 用回忆的方法来开头。

例如“A Trip to the Taishan Mountain”（泰山游）的开头是： I remember my first trip to the Taishan Mountain as if it were yesterday. 4.概括性的开头。 即对在文章中叙述的人或事先作一个概括性的介绍。

如“The Happiness of Reading Book-s”（读书的快乐）的开头： People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.But l say that to read books is more valuable. than anything else,because books give us knowledge and knowledge gives us power. 5.介绍环境式的开头。 即开头利用自然景物或自然环境引出要介绍的事物。

如：“An Accident”（一场事故）的开头是： It was a rainy and windy morning.The sky was gloomy, the temperature was low,and the street was nearly empty.I was on my way back to school.Suddenly,a speeding car came round the corner. 6.交待写作目的的开头。 在文章的一开头就交待写作目的，如通过文章要表扬谁，批评谁，或说明一个什么问题等。

如“Pollution Control”（控制污染）的开头： In this article I shall draw your attention to the subject of pollution control. 结尾篇 如果把开头比作“爆竹”，那么结尾就有如“撞钟”。古人说过：“好的结尾，有如咀嚼干果，品尝香茗，令人回味再三。”

文章结尾的作用是概括全文内容，进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想，使文章意义表达得更加深刻。文章结尾的形式常见的有以下几种： 1.首尾呼应，画龙点睛。

在文章的结尾，把含义较深的话放在末尾，以点明主题，深化主题，起到画龙点睛的效果。如“I Cannot Forget Her” （我忘不了她）的结尾： After her death, I felt as if something were missing in my life. I was sad over her passing away, but I knew she would not have had any regrets at having given her life for the benefit of the people. 2.重复主题句。

结尾回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上，达到强调的效果。如“I Love My Home Town”（我爱家乡）的结尾： I love my home town, and I love its people. They too have changed. They are going all out to do more for the good of our motherland. 3. 自然结尾。

随着文章的结束，文章自然而然地结尾。如“Fishing”（钓鱼）的结尾： I caught as many as twenty fish in two hours, but my brother caught many more. Tired from fishing, we lay down on the river bank, bathing in the sun. We returned home very late. 4.含蓄性的结尾。

用比喻或含蓄的手法不直接点明作者的看法，而是让读者自己去领会和思考。如“A Day of Harvesting”（收割的日子）的结尾： Evening came before we realized it. We put down our sickles and looked at each other. Our clothes were wet with sweat, but on every face there was a smile. 5.用反问结尾。

虽然形式是问句，但意义却是肯定的，并具有特别的强调作用，引起读者深思。如 “Should We Learn to Do Housework？” （我们要不要学做家务？） 的结尾： Everyone should learn to do housework. Don't you agree, boys and girls? 6.指明方向，激励读者。

结尾表示对将来的展望，或期待读者投入行动。如“Let's Go in for Sports”（让我们参加体育运动）的结尾： As we have said above, sports can be of great value. They not only make people live happily but also help people to learn virtues and do their work bettter. A sound mind is in a sound body. Let's go in for sports. 文章的结尾没有一定的模式，可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。

一般的习惯是，一些记叙文和描写文经常采用自然结尾的方法；但说理性和逻辑性较强的说明文和议论文则往往都有结束语，以便使文章首尾呼应，结构完整。