之所以用预收账款科目是因为,货还没有发出或者是要卖出的商品还未开具增值税专用发票,所以一般预收款项,应做如下会计处理:借:银行存款 贷:预收账款,等开具了增值税专用发票后,如果是预付了一部分,借:预收账款 借:银行存款/应收账款 贷:主营业务收入 贷:应交税费-应交增值税(销项税额)###预收款:nbsp;借:银行存款nbsp;10000nbsp;贷:预收账款——Anbsp;10000nbsp;客户进货:nbsp;借:预收账款——A2000nbsp;贷:主营业务收2000nbsp;(不计算增值税的情况下,如果计税,就加一个应交税费)一周后到的话,就先做进“应收账款”里,等钱到了再做上面分录。
解释会计科目:预付帐款和预收帐款 1、预付帐款是付款性质的科目,属于资产类科目,使用范围: 一般情况下,我们对外支付资金后,就直接记入成本或费用核算了,是不必通过预付帐款核算的,但有时,对于较大的合同,可能需要多次向对方支付款项才能完成一个交易(比如工程承包合同),若每次支付款项后就直接将支付额记入成本或费用,时间一长,可能就记不清已经付给对方多少资金了,只能通过成本费用帐,一笔一笔的查找、统计,在这种情况下,就可以通过“预付帐款”科目进行核算,待所有款项支付完毕后,合同完成或即将完成时,再一笔将预付帐款科目的合计数转入相应的成本或费用帐,既清晰也简便。
基本核算过程是: 付款过程中,每次都一样: 借:预付帐款__xx单位 贷:银行存款 付款(合同)结束后: 借:xx成本(或费用) 贷:预付帐款 预收帐款是收款性质的科目,属于负债类科目,使用范围: 一般情况下,我们收取客户的销售款项,都是通过销售收入进行核算的,但有时,客户没有及时给你全部的款项,你也无法给对方开具正式的全额的发票,由于没有正式全额发票,你就不能确认收入,在这种情况下,一般就先通过预收帐款进行核算,待客户付清所有款项(或你已取得获取客户所有款项资格)时,你就可以给客户开具正式全额发票,可以确认收入,此时,你就可以将预收帐款转为销售收入了。 基本核算过程: 收到客户部分款项时: 借:银行存款 贷:预收帐款 客户交清款项后: 借:预付帐款 贷:主营业务收入 。
一、企业财务会计报表封面 FINANCIAL REPORT COVER 报表所属期间之期末时间点 Period Ended 所属月份 Reporting Period 报出日期 Submit Date 记账本位币币种 Local Reporting Currency 审核人 Verifier 填表人 Preparer 二、资产负债表 Balance Sheet 资产 Assets 流动资产 Current Assets 货币资金 Bank and Cash 短期投资 Current Investment 一年内到期委托贷款 Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减:一年内到期委托贷款减值准备 Less: Impairment for Entrusted loan receivable due within one year 减:短期投资跌价准备 Less: Impairment for current investment 短期投资净额 Net bal of current investment 应收票据 Notes receivable 应收股利 Dividend receivable 应收利息 Interest receivable 应收账款 Account receivable 减:应收账款坏账准备 Less: Bad debt provision for Account receivable 应收账款净额 Net bal of Account receivable 其他应收款 Other receivable 减:其他应收款坏账准备 Less: Bad debt provision for Other receivable 其他应收款净额 Net bal of Other receivable 预付账款 Prepayment 应收补贴款 Subsidy receivable 存货 Inventory 减:存货跌价准备 Less: Provision for Inventory 存货净额 Net bal of Inventory 已完工尚未结算款 Amount due from customer for contract work 待摊费用 Deferred Expense 一年内到期的长期债权投资 Long-term debt investment due within one year 一年内到期的应收融资租赁款 Finance lease receivables due within one year 其他流动资产 Other current assets 流动资产合计 Total current assets 长期投资 Long-term investment 长期股权投资 Long-term equity investment 委托贷款 Entrusted loan receivable 长期债权投资 Long-term debt investment 长期投资合计 Total for long-term investment 减:长期股权投资减值准备 Less: Impairment for long-term equity investment 减:长期债权投资减值准备 Less: Impairment for long-term debt investment 减:委托贷款减值准备 Less: Provision for entrusted loan receivable 长期投资净额 Net bal of long-term investment 其中:合并价差 Include: Goodwill (Negative goodwill) 固定资产 Fixed assets 固定资产原值 Cost 减:累计折旧 Less: Accumulated Depreciation 固定资产净值 Net bal 减:固定资产减值准备 Less: Impairment for fixed assets 固定资产净额 NBV of fixed assets 工程物资 Material holds for construction of fixed assets 在建工程 Construction in progress 减:在建工程减值准备 Less: Impairment for construction in progress 在建工程净额 Net bal of construction in progress 固定资产清理 Fixed assets to be disposed of 固定资产合计 Total fixed assets 无形资产及其他资产 Other assets & Intangible assets 无形资产 Intangible assets 减:无形资产减值准备 Less: Impairment for intangible assets 无形资产净额 Net bal of intangible assets 长期待摊费用 Long-term deferred expense 融资租赁——未担保余值 Finance lease – Unguaranteed residual values 融资租赁——应收融资租赁款 Finance lease – Receivables 其他长期资产 Other non-current assets 无形及其他长期资产合计 Total other assets & intangible assets 递延税项 Deferred Tax 递延税款借项 Deferred Tax assets 资产总计 Total assets 负债及所有者(或股东)权益 Liability & Equity 流动负债 Current liability 短期借款 Short-term loans 应付票据 Notes payable 应付账款 Accounts payable 已结算尚未完工款 预收账款 Advance from customers 应付工资 Payroll payable 应付福利费 Welfare payable 应付股利 Dividend payable 应交税金 Taxes payable 其他应交款 Other fees payable 其他应付款 Other payable 预提费用 Accrued Expense 预计负债 Provision 递延收益 Deferred Revenue 一年内到期的长期负债 Long-term liability due within one year 其他流动负债 Other current liability 流动负债合计 Total current liability 长期负债 Long-term liability 长期借款 Long-term loans 应付债券 Bonds payable 长期应付款 Long-term payable 专项应付款 Grants & Subsidies received 其他长期负债 Other long-term liability 长期负债合计 Total long-term liability 递延税项 Deferred Tax 递延税款贷项 Deferred Tax liabilities 负债合计 Total liability 少数股东权益 Minority interests 所有者权益(或股东权益) Owners' Equity 实收资本(或股本) Paid in capital 减;已归还投资 Less: Capital redemption 实收资本(或股本)净额 Net bal of Paid in capital 资本公积 Capital Reserves 盈余公积 Surplus Reserves 其中:法定公益金 Include: Statutory reserves 未确认投资损失 Unrealised investment losses 未分配利润 Retained profits after appropriation 其中:本年利润 Include: Profits for the year 外币报表折算差额 Translation reserve 所有者(或股东)权益合计 Total Equity 负债及所有者(或股东)权益合计 Total Liability & Equity 三、利润及利润分配表 Income statement and profit appropriation 一、主营业务收入 Revenue 减。
关键词汇表
A
Accounting entity 会计主体
Accounting equation 会计平衡式
Accounting framework 会计框架
Accounting period concept 会计期间概念
Accounts 账户
Accounts payable 应付账款
Accounts receivable 应收账款
Accrual basis for accounting 权责发生制
Accrual concept 应计概念
Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧
Acid test ratio 速动比率
Activity ratios 效率比率
Activity-based costs systems 作业成本制度
Allowance for bad debts 坏账准备
Allowance for doubtful accounts 不良坏账准备
Amortization of bond discount 债券折价摊销
(中文科目是老的叫法) 现金 Cash in hand 银行存款 Cash in bank 其他货币资金-外埠存款Other monetary assets - cash in other cities 其他货币资金-银行本票 Other monetary assets - cashier's check 其他货币资金-银行汇票 Other monetary assets - bank draft 其他货币资金-信用卡 Other monetary assets - credit cards 其他货币资金-信用证保证金 Other monetary assets - L/C deposit 其他货币资金-存出投资款 Other monetary assets - cash for investment 短期投资-股票投资 Investments - Short term - stocks 短期投资-债券投资 Investments - Short term - bonds 短期投资-基金投资 Investments - Short term - funds 短期投资-其他投资 Investments - Short term - others 短期投资跌价准备 Provision for short-term investment 长期股权投资-股票投资 Long term equity investment - stocks 长期股权投资-其他股权投资 Long term equity investment - others 长期债券投资-债券投资 Long term securities investemnt - bonds 长期债券投资-其他债权投资 Long term securities investment - others 长期投资减值准备 Provision for long-term investment 应收票据 Notes receivable 应收股利 Dividends receivable 应收利息 Interest receivable 应收帐款 Trade debtors 坏帐准备- 应收帐款 Provision for doubtful debts - trade debtors 预付帐款 Prepayment 应收补贴款 Allowance receivable 其他应收款 Other debtors 坏帐准备- 其他应收款 Provision for doubtful debts - other debtors 其他流动资产 Other current assets 物资采购 Purchase 原材料 Raw materials 包装物 Packing materials 低值易耗品 Low value consumbles 材料成本差异 Material cost difference 自制半成品 Self-manufactured goods 库存商品 Finished goods 商品进销差价 Difference between purchase & sales of commodities 委托加工物资 Consigned processiong material 委托代销商品 Consignment-out 受托代销商品 Consignment-in 分期收款发出商品 Goods on instalment sales 存货跌价准备 Provision for obsolete stocks 待摊费用 Prepaid expenses 待处理流动资产损益 Unsettled G/L on current assets 待处理固定资产损益 Unsettled G/L on fixed assets 委托贷款-本金 Consignment loan - principle 委托贷款-利息 Consignment loan - interest 委托贷款-减值准备 Consignment loan - provision 固定资产-房屋建筑物 Fixed assets - Buildings。
中国会计科目的中英文对照 一、资产类 Assets 流动资产 Current assets 货币资金 Cash and cash equivalents 1001 现金 Cash 1002 银行存款 Cash in bank 1009 其他货币资金 Other cash and cash equivalents '100901 外埠存款 Other city Cash in bank '100902 银行本票 Cashier's cheque '100903 银行汇票 Bank draft '100904 信用卡 Credit card '100905 信用证保证金 L/C Guarantee deposits '100906 存出投资款 Refundable deposits 1101 短期投资 Short-term investments '110101 股票 Short-term investments - stock '110102 债券 Short-term investments - corporate bonds '110103 基金 Short-term investments - corporate funds '110110 其他 Short-term investments - other 1102 短期投资跌价准备 Short-term investments falling price reserves 应收款 Account receivable 1111 应收票据 Note receivable 银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance 1121 应收股利 Dividend receivable 1122 应收利息 Interest receivable 1131 应收账款 Account receivable 1133 其他应收款 Other notes receivable 1141 坏账准备 Bad debt reserves 1151 预付账款 Advance money 1161 应收补贴款 Cover deficit by state subsidies of receivable 库存资产 Inventories 1201 物资采购 Supplies purchasing 1211 原材料 Raw materials 1221 包装物 Wrappage 1231 低值易耗品 Low-value consumption goods 1232 材料成本差异 Materials cost variance 1241 自制半成品 Semi-Finished goods 1243 库存商品 Finished goods 1244 商品进销差价 Differences between purchasing and selling price 1251 委托加工物资 Work in process - outsourced 1261 委托代销商品 Trust to and sell the goods on a commission basis 1271 受托代销商品 Commissioned and sell the goods on a commission basis 1281 存货跌价准备 Inventory falling price reserves 1291 分期收款发出商品 Collect money and send out the goods by stages 1301 待摊费用 Deferred and prepaid expenses 长期投资 Long-term investment 1401 长期股权投资 Long-term investment on stocks '140101 股票投资 Investment on stocks '140102 其他股权投资 Other investment on stocks 1402 长期债权投资 Long-term investment on bonds '140201 债券投资 Investment on bonds '140202 其他债权投资 Other investment on bonds 1421 长期投资减值准备 Long-term investments depreciation reserves 股权投资减值准备 Stock rights investment depreciation reserves 债权投资减值准备 Bcreditor's rights investment depreciation reserves 1431 委托贷款 Entrust loans '143101 本金 Principal '143102 利息 Interest '143103 减值准备 Depreciation reserves 1501 固定资产 Fixed assets 房屋 Building 建筑物 Structure 机器设备 Machinery equipment 运输设备 Transportation facilities 工具器具 Instruments and implement 1502 累计折旧 Accumulated depreciation 1505 固定资产减值准备 Fixed assets depreciation reserves 房屋、建筑物减值准备 Building/structure depreciation reserves 机器设备减值准备 Machinery equipment depreciation reserves 1601 工程物资 Project goods and material '160101 专用材料 Special-purpose material '160102 专用设备 Special-purpose equipment '160103 预付大型设备款 Prepayments for equipment '160104 为生产准备的工具及器具 Preparative instruments and implement for fabricate 1603 在建工程 Construction-in-process 安装工程 Erection works 在安装设备 Erecting equipment-in-process 技术改造工程 Technical innovation project 大修理工程 General overhaul project 1605 在建工程减值准备 Construction-in-process depreciation reserves 1701 固定资产清理 Liquidation of fixed assets 1801 无形资产 Intangible assets 专利权 Patents 非专利技术 Non-Patents 商标权 Trademarks, Trade names 著作权 Copyrights 土地使用权 Tenure 商誉 Goodwill 1805 无形资产减值准备 Intangible Assets depreciation reserves 专利权减值准备 Patent rights depreciation reserves 商标权减值准备 trademark rights depreciation reserves 1815 未确认融资费用 Unacknowledged financial charges 待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income 1901 长期待摊费用 Long-term deferred and prepaid expenses 1911 待处理财产损溢 Wait deal assets loss or income '191101待处理流动资产损溢 Wait deal intangible assets loss or income '191102待处理固定资产损溢 Wait deal fixed assets loss or income 二、负债类 Liability 短期负债 Current liability 2101 短期借款 Short-term borrowing 2111 应付票据 Notes payable 银行承兑汇票 Bank acceptance 商业承兑汇票 Trade acceptance 2121 应付账款 Account payable 2131 预收账款 Deposit received 2141 代销商品款 Proxy sale goods revenue 2151 应付工资 Accrued wages 2153 应付福利费 Accrued welfarism 2161 应付股利 Dividends payable 2171 应交税金 Tax 。
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